Hundreds of thousands of civilians in Sudan’s el-Obeid are facing repeated drone strikes, severe water shortages and a worsening cholera outbreak, the United Nations has warned. Women and girls are also reporting high levels of sexual violence as fighting around the army-held city intensifies. The UN has raised concern that the conflict could lead to mass atrocities if paramilitary forces advance further. Humanitarian conditions have deteriorated sharply as supply routes and basic services come under pressure.